Entity Framework Core has a few changes that impact unit testing, particularly with respect to EntityEntry.State management. My previous unit testing techniques also did not take into account the use of async methods. In this article I'll present a few techniques used in the context of a POC exploration of IdentityServer4. Although .NET Core 3 is now fully available, these examples are based on .NET Core 2.2.

Background​

IdentityServer4 has a ConfigurationDbContext that provides access for managing Client entities, along with an interface IConfigurationDbContext. While IdentityServer4's infrastructure handles all of the OAuth processing, CRUD operations for clients is left up to us. Therefore I created a ClientsController and a ClientRepository, and injected the interface into the repository.

The most popular request at the 2018 Ed-Fi Summit’s tech town hall was for an option to run the Ed-Fi ODS / API on an open source database solution. Historically, the Operational Data Store (ODS) database has been developed on Microsoft SQL Server, matching the preference of educational agencies that rely on heavily discounted licensing terms for on-premises operation of SQL Server. The advent of cloud-based hosting has changed that dynamic, especially since Microsoft ended the "bring your own license" (BYOL) practice.

One implication of that change is that educational agencies wishing to use SQL Server may need to pay full price when using non-Azure managed services for SQL Server; however, even with BYOL, managed services with SQL Server does cost more than other database platforms. So, with the help of an Ed-Fi Special Interest Group, we narrowed the field to one alternative database platform (for now…).

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In Making a Mockery of Extension Methods - way back in 2014 - I wrote about a technique for a code workaround that would facilitate replacing extension methods (global static methods) with mock objects for unit testing. Over the years I've used this technique a few times and found two major problems:

1. The technique of static delegate substitution is simply strange and requires too much thinking / analysis for good maintenance.
2. The unit tests are brittle, often failing on the first try due to multiple tests interacting with each other as they replace the static delegate.

Interestingly, I've found the second to be true with both XUnit and NUnit, even when supposedly running tests serially. This problem did not occur as frequently when I first started using the technique five years ago; I was using VS Tests or NUnit 2 back then, so perhaps the more recent brittleness is from the change in frameworks.

At last I grew tired of the technique and decided it would be better to simply replace it with something more familiar: an injectable class. Thus the recipe:

1. For a large set of extension methods over unmockable code - for example extension methods around database interaction - best to go ahead and create a thin adapter layer with an interface and constructor injection.
2. For a small static method over unmockable code, consider a small class with optional interface for either constructor or property injection.
3. If tempted to introduce a global static for any reason, consider instead using of these two techniques.

If data lands in the ODS and no one uses it, does it empower educators?

Ed-Fi Community members are increasingly leveraging the Ed-Fi ODS as a source of data for business intelligence (BI) solutions, while many continue to develop it as a solution for compliance reporting. While the Ed-Fi vendor community provides many options for analytics based on the ODS data, some end-users wish to create their own custom reports and perform their own ad hoc analysis. The Analytics Middle Tier and the two Analytics Starter Kits recently published to the Ed-Fi Exchange aim to help this group by simplifying the ODS data model, provisioning support for role-based data access, and providing sample visualizations. These solutions aim to empower those IT staff who are empowering their educators and administrators.

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Working with a legacy codebase using NUnit and .NET Framework, I've found that there is a mix of NUnit assertions and assertions using the Should library. This library is rather old and, frankly, limited compared to Shouldly and FluentAssertions. These newer two frameworks are significantly more expressive, with APIs that cover myriad situations elegantly. Questions in front of me:

1. Are any of these libraries really worthwhile compared to simply using NUnit's built-in assertions - either traditional or Assert.That style?
2. If using any independent framework, which is the best choice for this code base?
3. If selecting Shouldly or FluentAssertions, ought we to upgrade the old asserts?

My conclusion: favor Shouldly. Upgrade old asserts opportunistically for consistency, but no need to go out of the way.

According to Amazon Web Services (AWS) CEO Andy Jassy, at his keynote Wednesday morning, I am one of around 53,000 people from all over the world who have come out to the annual AWS re:Invent conference in Las Vegas. We come together from myriad industries and with interests that span the full range from product development to operations to account management. My personal learning objectives for the week are to deepen my understanding, and think about implications for the Ed-Fi tech stack, of four concepts:

• Data lakes
• Serverless
• Business intelligence
• .NET on AWS

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We just wrapped up the 2018 Technical Bootcamp as part of the Ed-Fi Summit. The Bootcamp is a two-day event where we dig into the technical details, provide hands-on training and demonstrations, and get feedback from the technical community on challenges they’d like to address and improvements they’d like to see made. We had a number of sessions geared specifically toward local education agencies (LEA), state education agencies (SEA), and vendors.

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Have you ever tried to write a query using the Ed-Fi ODS for reporting or analytics? To say that it is challenging is to use the mildest language. The Data Standard documentation in Tech Docs is top notch. Nevertheless, going from diagrams and definitions to actual query code for, let’s say, each student’s average math grade during a grading period, is not a trivial exercise.

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Continuing from Upgrading safnet-directory, part 1, it is time to improve the solution's unit testing. At the outset, the controllers cannot be unit tested effectively due to their direct dependence on Entity Framework and ASP.NET Identity Framework classes. With application of an in-memory database, they could be integration tested, but not unit tested as I understand and apply the term.

In 2014 I built a quick-and-dirty web application using ASP.NET MVC5 and AngularJS 1.0.2. There are probably millions of web applications, large and small, that are "stuck" on some older tech, often because people are afraid of the work it will take to modernize them. In this series of blog posts, I'll refactor away the tech debt and polish it up this little app to make it something to be proud of... as much as one can be proud of a simplistic proof-of-concept, anyway.

First up: basic and trivial cleanup of the solution, bringing it up to .NET 4.7.2. Future: improved testing; ASP.NET Core; Entity Framework Core and better separation of concerns; UI libraries / frameworks.